As the global transition to electrification accelerates, battery manufacturers and automotive suppliers face a massive shift in regulatory oversight. Under the EU Batteries Regulation (EU 2023/1542), a new transparency framework is set to become a strict market barrier.
The Battery Passport is an electronic record containing information about the battery model and, where applicable, the individual battery. Depending on the battery category and the applicable requirement, it can include identification and technical characteristics, performance and durability data, sustainability information, material composition, repair and dismantling information, and individual-battery status or state-of-health data.
The European Commission’s implementation guidance identifies approximately 71 battery passport data points, although applicability varies by battery type and implementation date.
From 18 February 2027, each electric vehicle battery, each light means of transport battery and each industrial battery with a capacity greater than 2 kWh placed on the EU market or put into service must have an electronic Battery Passport. The passport will be accessed through a QR code linked to a unique battery identifier.
Battery Passport information is not all available to the same audience. Annex XIII of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 distinguishes between:
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| Access Tier | Authorized Audience | Key Data Disclosed |
|---|---|---|
| The Public Tier | Consumers, distributors and other stakeholders | Battery identification, sustainability information, performance information and recycling-related information |
| The Legitimate Interest Tier | Independent repairers, second-life remanufacturers, and electronic waste recyclers. | Information necessary for dismantling, repair, reuse, repurposing and recycling activities |
| Authorities and Compliance Bodies Tier | Market surveillance authorities, notified bodies and the European Commission | Additional regulatory and compliance information required for enforcement and conformity assessment |
The European Commission’s Battery Passport guidance identifies approximately 71 data points, although the exact information required varies depending on battery type and application. These data points are grouped into several key categories that support traceability, sustainability, performance assessment, repairability and end-of-life management.
Battery Identification & Manufacturer Information: Battery model and serial identification, manufacturer details, production information, QR code-linked battery passport identifiers and other product-specific information.
Materials & Composition: Information on battery chemistry, critical raw materials, hazardous substances and recycled material content where applicable.
Sustainability Information: Carbon footprint declarations, recycled content information and other sustainability-related metrics required under the EU Batteries Regulation.
Supply Chain Due Diligence: Information supporting responsible sourcing and due diligence obligations for applicable battery categories.
Performance & Durability Data: Rated capacity, energy, voltage, expected lifetime, durability metrics and other performance characteristics relevant to the battery category. Certain operational and state-of-health information may be available only to authorised users or parties with a legitimate interest.
Repair, Reuse & End-of-Life Information: Information that supports safe handling, repair, repurposing, remanufacturing, dismantling and recycling activities. Access to some detailed technical information may be restricted to authorised parties with a legitimate interest.
Compliance Information: Regulatory and conformity information required under applicable legislation, including declarations and supporting documentation where required.
Although the requirement applies from 18 February 2027, battery passport implementation will require preparation across product development, manufacturing, quality systems and data management processes.
Manufacturers that begin planning early will be better positioned to:
A Battery Passport is only as valuable as the quality of the information used to support it. Under the EU Batteries Regulation, manufacturers and other economic operators are responsible for ensuring that battery information remains accurate, traceable and up to date throughout the product lifecycle.
Many Battery Passport data points rely on technical documentation, sustainability information, performance data and compliance records. Independent testing can provide valuable evidence to support regulatory compliance, product validation and market access requirements.
At Resonate Testing, our ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory provides battery testing services that help manufacturers generate reliable technical evidence for safety, performance and environmental compliance programmes.
Battery products must safely withstand transportation, handling and operational stresses. Resonate Testing performs vibration, mechanical shock and environmental testing on cells, modules and battery packs to help evaluate product robustness under real-world conditions.
Environmental testing can provide evidence of battery performance across a wide range of operating conditions. Our facilities support thermal cycling, temperature exposure, humidity testing and altitude simulation to assess environmental resilience.
Understanding battery behaviour during foreseeable fault and abuse conditions is an important part of product development and compliance. Resonate Testing supports manufacturers through evaluations such as external short circuit, crush, impact, overcharge, forced discharge and other battery safety assessments.
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